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Opus Dei is a personal prelature within the Roman Catholic Church. It has been supported by some Popes and conservative Catholic leaders. Opponents allege that it uses cult-like practices in recruitment. ==History of opposition== Opposition to Opus Dei started soon after its founding. Patrice de Plunkett in his L'Opus Dei : enquête sur le "monstre" (Opus Dei: Inquiry on the "monster"), said that the ones who started the hostilities against Opus Dei are the "extreme wing of the Franco regime in Spain of the 1940s, because Josemaria Escriva refused to integrate with the official ideology of the times." Then, some Jesuits interpreted some of its teachings as heretical. Later, this opposition grew as much inside as outside the Catholic Church, mainly when some Opus Dei adherents became ministers of the government of Spanish dictator Francisco Franco. Opus Dei supporters believe that this opposition was taken up by the liberal Catholics and some former members who later joined forces with secularist groups who form part of the anti-cult movement. Particularly significant critics included supporters of liberation theology, a theology of political activism, particularly in areas of social justice, poverty and human rights. The Vatican condemned liberation theology due to its Marxist influence. Later, some ex-members who felt harmed by Opus Dei practices, joined together to express their experiences within the group. Thus was born the ''Opus Dei Awareness Network'' ((ODAN) ) which intends to be a support for those who have been "adversely affected by Opus Dei." Reader Emeritus of Sociology of the University of Oxford, Bryan R. Wilson studied the cults phenomenon and new religious movements. About former members he states that some of these adult members who are "prone to bias" sometimes "learn to rehearse an atrocity story" to meet their "need for self-justification". However, Jack Valero, Spokesman of Opus Dei in the UK, says that does not put in doubt the credibility of the people who recount their bad experiences. Dianne DiNicola, executive director of ODAN has said: "The biggest problem we have with Opus Dei is that a person is not free to make their own decisions. They live in a controlled environment, and all the while Opus Dei hides behind the Catholic Church." According to Massimo Introvigne, a sociologist and conservative Catholic scholar, these secularist groups could not tolerate what he saw as "a return to religion of the secularized society." The opposition to Opus Dei reached a crucial point with the publication of ''The Da Vinci Code'' in 2003 and the release of its film version in May 2006. According to observers, the book and film led to a greater awareness of Opus Dei, even bringing about an increase in its membership, while its opponents continued their consolidation of forces. Allen describes Opus Dei as "the most controversial force in the Catholic Church," receiving both support and opposition. Based on reports from Spain, the Superior-General of the Society of Jesus, Fr. Wlodimir Ledochowski (1866–1942), told the Vatican he considered Opus Dei "very dangerous for the Church in Spain." He described it as having a "secretive character" and saw "signs in it of a covert inclination to dominate the world with a form of Christian Masonry."〔Andres Vasquez de Prada: ''The Founder of Opus Dei. The Life of Josemaria Escrivá. Vol II: God and Daring.'', Scepter Publishers 1997, p. 387.〕 These allegations against Opus Dei from within well-regarded ecclesiastical circles ("the opposition by good people," as Escrivá called it), which happened time and again in its history, are considered to be some of the roots of present-day accusations coming from the most varied quarters. This is the conclusion of some writers, including John L. Allen, Jr., CNN's Vatican analyst.〔John L. Allen, Jr.: (''Opus Dei: an Objective Look Behind the Myths and Reality of the Most Controversial Force in the Catholic Church'' ). Doubleday, New York 2005, ISBN 0-385-51449-2〕 According to John Allen, one of the original sources of criticism of Opus Dei are some members of the Society of Jesus who did not understand the big difference between Opus Dei and the religious orders. Opus Dei is composed of ordinary lay Christians who are taking their baptism-based calling to become holy, as the first Christians did, without in any way being externally distinguished from other citizens of the Roman Empire, as Escriva explained. Aside from this full-blown campaign in the 1940s, there were other attacks from Jesuits in the 1950s who told some Italian parents of members of Opus Dei that their sons were being led to damnation. Messori also blames the Jesuits and perceivedly-liberal sectors of the church for the "myth" that Opus Dei supported fascism. From its early association with the far-right Franco regime in Spain, Opus Dei has been associated with ultra-right wing regimes. Opus dei has always focused on the lay person rather than the clergy. The organisation supports and encourages offering up everyday actions and tasks to God while living a normal life, unlike other Catholic organisations and groups which focus on specific tasks such as feeding the poor or spreading the faith through education. Priests of Opus Dei are encouraged to always wear the clerical collar while in public. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Controversies about Opus Dei」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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